Optimal control model for IVF treatment in women

Inability to become pregnant after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse is defined as Infertility. Couples who have not conceived after 12 months of unprotected vaginal intercourse should be offered further evaluation. Evaluation includes workup for anovulation (hormonal evaluations), hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, Laparoscopy. Treatment options vary from low-cost non-pharmacological therapy, like counseling on the timing of intercourse during the most fertile period, may wait for another year of unprotected intercourse, weight loss (target Body Mass Index [Formula: see text]), smoking cessation, limiting alcohol consumption, psychological interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to reduce stress, anxiety and depression related to infertility, to high-cost pharmacological approach including ovulation induction medication, intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF). Mathematical models are rising as a key factor to add to our knowledge of the fertility process and help us understand the intricacies in the reproductive system to be able to predict the possibilities of pregnancy precisely. We have created a mathematical model with five compartments to understand the success of treatment of infertility in women. We have carried out local stability, global stability at pregnancy-free and pregnancy exist equilibrium points and numerical analysis. We have also tried optimal control by maximizing fertility through non-pharmacological measures and applied cost control to IVF treatment. Our results showed non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments have a positive impact on the overall success of treatment of infertility however cost is the important determining factor. We recommend maximizing non-pharmacological measures before opting for costly pharmacological measures. We also recommend that the government or other Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) help with the cost for women with infertility.