Effect of Bioformulation-based Farming Systems on Soil Nutrient Content and Microbial Properties under Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Cultivation

Background: Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] cultivation faces challenges associated with extensive chemical fertilizer use, prompting a shift towards sustainable practices. Organic inputs like poultry manure offer potential alternatives, yet their impact on soil health and crop productivity warrants investigation. Methods: A two-year field experiment assessed the effects of bioformulation-based farming systems on soil properties and okra growth. Ten treatments incorporating organic amendments and bioformulations (pandchavya and jeevamrut) were evaluated in a randomized block design. Soil nutrient levels, microbial dynamics and enzyme activities were analyzed pre-and post-experiment. Result: Combining 90% recommended nutrient dose with panchagavya and jeevamrut significantly enhanced soil nutrient content and microbial biomass. Increased bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes counts were observed alongside elevated enzyme activities.