Recent Advancements in Water Waste Water Treatment Technologies

Abstract: Water is undoubtedly the most important and invaluable natural resource that humans utilize. The main source of water for human consumption and various industrial uses on a global scale is groundwater. Different types of organic and inorganic contaminants from natural and, more often, anthropogenic sources, leach into all water systems, especially groundwater. A lack of water for human consumption is also a result of inadequate wastewater treatment, rising freshwater usage, and climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to adequately and conscientiously manage wastewater to ensure safe drinking water and sanitation for all, which is in line with Sustainable Development Goal 6 on water and sanitation (SDG 6). The systematic treatment of wastewater is carried out through three successive stages are primary (physical–chemical), secondary (biological), and tertiary (advanced physical–chemical) treatment. The primary goal of any wastewater treatment plant is to meet the legal regulations for the discharge of treated wastewater into water bodies. Currently, it is very challenging to achieve the required quality of purified wastewater, especially due to the appearance of emerging environmental pollutants. For this reason, advanced knowledge is necessary and desirable in developing new advanced technologies or improving existing technologies at all levels of wastewater treatment.