Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive Optimal Control Model for Signal Light in Intelligent Transportation Systems

Day-to-day mobility among the population has increased with economic growth. Smart cities are renovated with advanced technologies to admire modern life in which intelligent transportation becomes highly focused. Because the traffic signal control systems are fixed at a constant time. They split the traffic signal into predetermined intervals and function inefficiently; they result in long wait times, waste fuel and increased carbon emissions. This research study introduces a novel technique for traffic light management to reduce the uncertainties in the system. A dynamic and intelligent traffic light adaptive optimal management system (DITLAOCS) is implemented in this research. It does this by modifying the traffic signal duration in run time and using real-time traffic data as input. Furthermore, the proposed DITLAOCS executes based on three modes: fairness mode (FM), priority mode (PM) and emergent mode (EM). In fairness mode (FM), all vehicles are prioritized equally, while vehicles in different categories receive varying priority levels. Emergency vehicles, on the other hand, receive the highest priority. Furthermore, a fuzzy inference method based on traffic data is shown to choose one mode out of three (FM, PM and EM). This model uses deep reinforcement learning to switch traffic lights in three different phases (red, green and yellow). We evaluated and accurately simulated DITLAOCS on the Shaanxi city map in China using Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO), an open-source simulator. The simulation results illustrate the efficiency of DITLAOCS when compared to other cutting-edge algorithms on several performance measures.