Spatial Syntactic Analysis and Revitalization Strategies for Rural Settlements in Ethnic Minority Areas: A Case Study of Shuanglang Town, China

Understanding the spatial morphological characteristics and driving factors of rural settlements in ethnic minority areas is crucial for the conservation and tourism development of ethnic villages. Accordingly, this study employs Shuanglang Town, China as a case study, adopting an integrated approach that combines spatial syntax analysis, the optimal parameter geodetector model, and GIS spatial analysis techniques. This comprehensive methodology systematically investigates the spatial morphological features, differentiation characteristics, and influencing factors of ethnic villages. The findings reveal the logical lineage and formation mechanisms underlying the overall layout, street network, and public spaces of the villages. Specifically, the results demonstrate (1) a discernible gradation in spatial configurations, transitioning from compact “back mountain villages” in the northeast to more dispersed “seaside villages” in the southwest, with notable disparities in accessibility among different villages; (2) topography, water distribution, and water quality as the dominant factors shaping village spatial patterns; (3) the interactive and heterogeneous effects of multiple natural and anthropogenic factors, including topography, water resources, agricultural practices, and ethnic cultural traditions, significantly influencing the spatial morphology of villages; and (4) common principles governing the site selection of different ethnic village typologies, reflecting the villagers’ understanding and intelligent utilization of the natural environment. This study contributes to comprehending the spatial characteristics of rural settlements in ethnic minority areas and provides a theoretical and practical foundation for advancing analogous rural revitalization initiatives. The findings offer insights into the spatial logic and formation processes of ethnic villages, informing conservation efforts and sustainable tourism development strategies.