SnO₂/Silver Nanowire/Polyimide Flexible Transparent Conductive Films for Double-Sided Perovskite Solar Cells and Heaters

In recent years, thin-film manufacturing has required highly solution-processable and flexible transparent electrodes. Transparent conductive films with high stability were prepared in this work by embedding silver nanowires (AgNWs) in tin oxide (SnO2)-modified colorless polyimide for double-sided perovskite solar cells and heaters. The composite conductive films exhibit good light transmittance over 80% at 550 nm (T550) conductivity with the lowest sheet resistance of 10.0 Ω sq–1 and a smooth surface with a root-mean-squared roughness of 13.3 nm. The anticipated interaction between AgNWs and CPI mediated by metallic oxide (SnO2) has been achieved through the reduction of hydrophobicity by SnO2 on CPI. With a heat resistance exceeding 200 °C, CPI exhibits enhanced adhesive properties following optimized heat treatment at 210 °C, resulting in the formation of a substantial composite structure. The conductive layer can withstand 10 cycles of peeling experiments without peeling off. Furthermore, the top layer also selects SnO2 to smooth the stacking AgNWs networks. The complete coverage is used to passivate the surface defects of the electrode. Double-sided perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated based on the composite transparent electrode. The power conversion efficiency for the PSCs of 6.34% is attained close to the ITO side (8.72%). A flexible transparent heater was successfully constructed, which could reach up to 85 °C within a short response time (250 s).