Different Prostatic Tissue Microbiomes between High- and Low-Grade Prostate Cancer Pathogenesis

Numerous human pathologies, such as neoplasia, are related to particular bacteria and changes in microbiome constituents. To investigate the association between an imbalance of bacteria and prostate carcinoma, the microbiome and gene functionality from tissues of patients with high-grade prostate tumor (HGT) and low-grade prostate tumor (LGT) were compared utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The results showed abnormalities in the bacterial profiles between the HGT and LGT specimens, indicating alterations in the make-up of bacterial populations and gene functionalities. The HGT specimens showed higher frequencies of <i>Cutibacterium</i>, <i>Pelomonas</i>, and <i>Corynebacterium</i> genera than the LGT specimens. Cell proliferation and cytokine assays also showed a significant proliferation of prostate cancer cells and elevated cytokine levels in the cells treated with <i>Cutibacterium</i>, respectively, supporting earlier findings. In summary, the HGT and LGT specimens showed differences in bacterial populations, suggesting that different bacterial populations might characterize high-grade and low-grade prostate malignancies.