Repetitive magnetic stimulation prevents dorsal root ganglion neuron death and enhances nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve injury rat model

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often leads to retrograde cell death in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), hindering nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) promotes nerve regeneration following PNI. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of rMS on post-injury neuronal death and nerve regeneration. Seventy-two rats underwent autologous sciatic nerve grafting and were divided into two groups: the rMS group, which received rMS and the control (CON) group, which received no treatment. Motor neuron, DRG neuron, and caspase-3 positive DRG neuron counts, as well as DRG mRNA expression analyses, were conducted at 1-, 4-, and 8-weeks post-injury. Functional and axon regeneration analyses were performed at 8-weeks post-injury. The CON group demonstrated a decreased DRG neuron count starting from 1 week post-injury, whereas the rMS group exhibited significantly higher DRG neuron counts at 1- and 4-weeks post-injury. At 8-weeks post-injury, the rMS group demonstrated a significantly greater myelinated nerve fiber density in autografted nerves. Furthermore, functional analysis showed significant improvements in latency and toe angle in the rMS group. Overall, these results suggest that rMS can prevent DRG neuron death and enhance nerve regeneration and motor function recovery after PNI.