Advancements and prospects in thermal management technology for marine containerized power batteries

The performance of power batteries directly impacts the range, safety, and reliability of pure electric ships. Currently, mainstream power batteries primarily consist of lithium-ion batteries, including lithium iron phosphate and lithium ternary variants. However, temperature significantly affects the performance of lithium batteries. In low-temperature environments, lithium-ion battery cycle life deteriorates significantly, battery power characteristics rapidly decline, usable capacity diminishes notably, and challenges such as low temperature charging and lithium precipitation arise. At high temperatures, lithium battery self-discharge rates increase, capacity loss is pronounced, battery aging accelerates, and issues like overheating leading to thermal runaway, combustion, and explosion emerge. Hence, thermal management of lithium batteries is a critical area requiring breakthroughs in current technology. This paper reviews research progress in lithium battery thermal management system (BTMS) globally, detailing methods and advancements in low-temperature and high-temperature thermal management, and outlines future development trends in lithium BTMS.