Characterization of energy loss in jet mechanism of a Pelton turbine

Pelton turbines are becoming widely used in hydropower generation. However, the internal flow mechanism and energy loss characteristics of these turbines remain unclear, and there has been relatively little research in this area. In this paper, to provide a better understanding of the operating characteristics and internal flow loss characteristics of a Pelton turbine jet mechanism, numerical simulations are performed, and a third-generation vortex identification method and entropy production theory are used to analyze the formation and development of vortex structures and energy loss characteristics, as well as the influence of vortex dissipation on energy loss.