Spectral shapes of second-forbidden single-transition nonunique β decays assessed using the nuclear shell model
Experimental and theoretical studies of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m1"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> electrons (electrons emitted in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m2"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> -decay transitions) and their <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m3"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> -electron spectra have recently experienced a rapid expansion. These <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m4"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> spectral shapes have been used to study total <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m5"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> spectra of fission-product nuclei in the quest for explanation of the reactor-flux anomalies, and individual <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m6"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> transitions in search for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m7"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> spectral shapes sensitive to the effective value of the weak axial coupling <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m8"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>A</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> . In the former case the TAGS (total absorption gamma-ray spectroscopy) can be efficiently used to measure the total <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m9"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> spectral shapes and in the latter case dedicated measurements of the involved forbidden nonunique <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m10"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> transitions have been deployed. The fourth-forbidden nonunique decay transitions 113 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m11"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>g.s.</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="0.27em"/></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>113</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">I</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>9</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>g.s.</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> and 115 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m12"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">I</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>9</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>g.s.</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mspace width="0.27em"/></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>115</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>g.s.</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> represent theoretically and experimentally much-studied cases where the total <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m13"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> spectra consist of these single transitions. In these particular cases the TAGS method could be used to assess the effective value of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m14"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>A</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> . In the present work we have identified five more interesting cases where a total <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m15"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> spectrum consists of a single transition. These spectra correspond to second-forbidden nonunique transitions and are <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m16"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>A</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> and/or sNME dependent, where sNME denotes the so-called small relativistic vector nuclear matrix element. These studies have been performed using the nuclear shell model with well established effective Hamiltonians. With this we target to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m17"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> transitions that would potentially be of high interest for the TAGS and present and future dedicated <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m18"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> -spectrum experiments.
Authors
- Andrei Neacsu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-7627)
- M. Ramalho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-6678)
- J. Suhonen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-660X)
- Sabin Stoica
Institutions
- Institutul National de Cercetare si Dezvoltare pentru Fizica Pamantului (RO)
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (RO)
- University of Jyväskylä (FI)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Physics
- Published
- 2024-08-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1455778
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Neutrino Physics Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.32
Funders
- Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării