Performance and emission profiles of petroleum nut (Pittosporum resineferum Hemsl.) biodiesel in combustion ignition engine-generator for power generation

One of the traditional fuels for power generation in the Philippines is the petroleum diesel (PD). However, its extensive usage contributes to environmental degradation, health risks and climate change concerns. Alternative fuels such as petroleum nut biodiesel (PNB) may address the increasing consumption of PD amidst depleting fossil reserves and related issues. This study aimed to produce, characterize, and observe the behavior of PNB as a fuel in a compression ignition (CI) engine-power generation system at various loads of 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %. Petroleum nut fruits were collected, extracted of oil then transesterified to produce PNB. The performance and emission profiles of the latter were determined. Degumming increased the PNB yield by 24.28 %. Additional refining decreased colorants and impurities. Majority of the chemical and physical properties of the PNB showed comparable values with those of PD. Various blends of PNB-PD were prepared and tested in terms of their performance and emissions. The 20 % PNB mixed with 80 % PD (B20) showed the most efficient performance after 100 % PD with at least 3.95 % decrease, whereas PNB for specific fuel consumption (SFC) showed at most 30.78 % higher than all fuels for all loads. The heat release rate (HRR) increases with increasing %PNB in the PNB-PD blend. PNB generally showed the highest CO(2) and NOx emissions with at least 16.67 % and 80.52 % lower with PD respectively, but the lowest for CO emission with at least 13.42 % difference compared with PD. Finally, the study confirms that CI engine-generator can be operated with 100 % PNB and its blends without engine modification.