Efficient Islanding Detection and Power Quality Enhancement in Smart Grids: A Dual-Stage Hybrid Solution

Inverter-based generations (IBGs) should have a properly designed anti-islanding protection system. Most IBGs use an active islanding detection strategy because of the minimal nondetection zone and quick operation. However, the power quality of the distribution network may suffer due to the increasing penetration of the active disturbance signals. This article compares the active islanding detection methods based on disturbance injection and Sandia frequency shift phase angle transformation to analyze the impact on the power quality of the electrical distribution network. An innovative two-stage hybrid anti-islanding protection strategy based on Sandia frequency shift phase angle modification and rate of rise of kinetic energy is also proposed in this article. The approach only activates the phase angle variations for the case of suspected islanding to minimize power quality issues. The suggested approach is quick, precise, reliable, affordable, and straightforward. The technique has undergone extensive testing for more than 200 distinct islanding and nonislanding events, and it appears to be entirely accurate. Experimental verification of the proposed method has been conducted on an real-time digital simulator-Typhoon hardware-in-loop-based power hardware-in-loop set up to demonstrate its real-time application.