Microbial Multienzyme Viz., Pectinase, Cellulase and Amylase Production Using Fruit and Vegetable Waste as Substrate—A Review

Around 70 million metric tonnes of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) are produced each year and are eventually discarded as wholesale garbage. Microorganisms decompose this FVW, which has led to environmental contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, and other impacts related to climate change. If FVW are used properly, they can reduce environmental damage and also boost a nation’s economy. FVW contain vast amounts of biopolymers, viz., pectin, cellulose, and starch, all of which are hydrolysed by microbes with the aid of the pectinase, cellulase, and amylase enzymes, respectively. Therefore, in light of this, the intervention of microorganisms for the production of pectinase, cellulase, and amylase could be a safe, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approach for the precise utilisation of FVW. Nowadays, thermophilic multienzymes are extracted from a group of hot spring microbes. Thermophilic multienzymes are more capable of surviving at high temperatures and have less degrading capability. Moreover, through this advancement, we can obtain vast amounts of pectinase, cellulase, and amylase enzymes within a short period of time. This microbial enzyme preparation might be helpful in food, textiles, paper, pulp, animal feed supplements, detergents, juice/pulp clarity, leather, and other related sectors.