Experimental Induction of Extreme Indented Growth Rings (Hazel Wood) in Pinus halepensis Miller by Wide and Long Parallel Bark and Vascular Cambium Woundings

Indented growth rings were found long ago to be experimentally induced in <i>Pinus halepensis</i> Miller by thin parallel axial scratching of the bark up to the vascular cambium with a sharp blade. Here, we show that when the bark and vascular cambium of <i>P</i>. <i>halepensis</i> are wounded by wide and long parallel axial wounds ("windows") rather than by thin scratches, the induced indented growth rings become dramatically more indented. All ten trees that were wounded by long parallel "windows" responded with very strong growth (especially in the first two years) that resulted in the formation of very conspicuous, extremely indented growth rings in the wood formed in between the long and wide woundings. This is true for both the trunks that were wounded all around their circumference and those that were wounded only in part of their circumference. We also suggest further lines of research.