Exploring the Potential of Exosomal miRNA as Prognostic Biomarkers in Glioma

Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors characterized by high morbidity and mortality.Recent advances in the field of exosome biology have opened new avenues for non-invasive diagnostics and therapeutic strategies in glioma management.Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles found in body fluids, carry a diverse array of molecular contents, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which reflect the biological state of their cells of origin.This review explores the potential of exosomes as liquid biopsies and the role of exosomal miRNAs in glioma progression, tumor recurrence, and drug resistance.We summarize current knowledge on how exosomal miRNAs can serve as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and real-time monitoring of gliomas.Exosomal miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-221/222, and miR-10b are highlighted for their association with tumor aggressiveness and poor patient outcomes.The mechanisms by which these miRNAs contribute to glioma growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance are examined, underscoring their importance in tumor biology.Additionally, we discuss the challenges in exosome isolation and miRNA detection, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and advanced analytical techniques.The review also addresses the potential of integrating exosomal miRNA analysis with other biomarkers and imaging methods to provide a comprehensive approach to glioma management.In conclusion, the application of exosomal miRNAs as liquid biopsies holds great promise for improving glioma diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and guiding personalized treatment strategies.Further research and clinical validation are essential to fully realize the potential of exosomal miRNAs in transforming glioma care.