Parametric Study of Vanadium Extraction Process from Refining Tailings of Crude Titanium Tetrachloride

The recovery of vanadium from titanium tetrachloride tail residue is a resource-efficient and environment-friendly method for treating hazardous vanadium-containing solid waste. In this study, to maximize the recovery rate of vanadium in the vanadium extraction process, the independent calcination and leaching factors were optimized using response surface methodology, in terms of calcination temperature (750–950 °C), calcination time (60–180 min), leaching liquid–solid ratio (5–25 mL/g), and leaching time (30–150 min). The results revealed that the calcination temperature was the most effective parameter for vanadium recovery, while the liquid–solid ratio was the least effective factor. Additionally, the optimal conditions were identified as a calcination temperature of 937 °C, a calcination time of 150 min, a leaching solid-to-liquid ratio of 17.4 mL/g, and a leaching time of 150 min. The maximum predicted recovery rate of vanadium by the model regression equation reached 93.1% and showed high credibility consistent with the experimental recovery rate of 93%.