A Cryogenic Gas-Filled Ion Stopping Cell as an Instrument for Experimental Study of Heaviest Nuclei

Mass measurement allows to determine the full binding energy of the nucleus—the integral characteristic of all atomic and nuclear forces which is the key for solving the fundamental physics problems, which includes nuclear physics, astrophysics, physics of fundamental interactions and symmetries, neutrino physics. High precision mass spectrometry could solve the problems of proton and neutron shells location in the nucleus (precision ΔM/M ~ 10–6), the study the nuclei deformation phenomena, searching of so-called “halo-nuclei”, the correct description of the heaviest elements formation during astrophysical r- and rp-processes of fast neutron and proton captures respectively (precision ΔM/M ~ 10–7). For this reason, a new facility for the high precision mass-spectrometry of heaviest nuclei is being built at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna. It will include new target block, gas-filled separator for the reaction products, cryogenic gas-filled ion stopping cell (“Cryocell”), radio-frequency quadrupole transport system and the multi-reflection time-of-flight mass-spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS). This setup could provide mass measurements with the precision of about ΔM/M ~ 10–7. “Cryocell” is one of the most crucial component of it. This is a powerful instrument for the fundamental research due to its high conversion coefficient of the fluxes of reaction products with heavy ions at energies 5–10 MeV/nucleon into low energy secondary beam and low extraction time. It could open the possibility to perform mass analysis of short-lived isotopes with the lifetime of 100 ms and more.