Impingement of vortex dipole on heated boundaries and related thermal plume dynamics

The profound influence of an externally induced vortex dipole on thermal plume dynamics is numerically studied for varying Rayleigh numbers (Ra) employing the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook collision model-based lattice Boltzmann method with a double distribution function approach. This study is extended to vortex dipole impingement with different types of heated bottom boundaries of two-dimensional domain, such as flat, “V-shaped,” and “inverted-V-shaped.” The vortex dipole impingement with the heated boundaries generates secondary vortices, which in turn produce vortex-driven thermal plumes, thereby advancing plume generation. The subsequent merging of the plumes enhances heat transport and leads to a continuous plume ascent. The presence of convex corners facilitates flow separation and also gives rise to the formation of secondary vortex dipoles, thereby significantly impacting the continuous generation of jet-like plumes when compared to concave configurations. The lack of an external vortex in pure buoyancy-driven flows produces less pronounced jet-like plumes and a relatively low Nusselt number. The boundary types and Ra significantly influence the vorticity production, resulting in higher enstrophy and palinstrophy for convex boundaries compared to flat and concave ones. A lower Prandtl number increases secondary vortices and corner rolls, leading to larger velocity gradients, higher thermal diffusivity, resulting in increased kinetic energy and thermal dissipation rates. The increased cell height enhances heat transfer at the top boundary due to improved heat convection from the slanted boundary and influence of early dipole impingement. Furthermore, kinetic energy dissipates in the dipole-driven flows and increases in the buoyancy-dominated flows.