Anesthesia and Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases: Challenges and Approaches

Objective: This article analyzes anesthesia strategies for cardiovascular patients, highlighting challenges and advances. The review evaluates the effectiveness of approaches like continuous hemodynamic monitoring and personalized plans in reducing perioperative complications. It also proposes measures to overcome implementation barriers, emphasizing the need for integrated health policies and innovative technologies to improve outcomes and reduce mortality. Theoretical Framework: Effective management of anesthesia in patients with cardiovascular diseases is crucial due to the increasing global prevalence of these conditions and their association with severe complications such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and thromboembolic events. Method: A narrative literature review was conducted using major scientific databases to collect articles on anesthesia management for cardiovascular patients. Key studies were evaluated to measure the effectiveness of continuous hemodynamic monitoring and personalized plans. Specific keywords helped identify research on challenges and advances, allowing for synthesis of effective strategies and identification of implementation gaps. Results and Discussion: The review found that continuous hemodynamic monitoring and personalized anesthesia plans reduce perioperative complications in cardiovascular patients, significantly decreasing myocardial infarction, heart failure, and thromboembolic events. Implementation barriers include limited access to specialized services and managing patients with multiple comorbidities. Improving access to specialized care, continuously training healthcare professionals, and developing integrated policies and innovative technologies are essential for better diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes, reducing perioperative mortality.