A Targeted Clinical Reasoning Remediation Program for Residents and Fellows in Need

<b>Background</b> There is no standardized, widely accepted process for individualized clinical reasoning remediation. <b>Objective</b> We describe a novel, targeted assessment and coaching process that allows for individualized intervention for residents and fellows struggling with clinical reasoning. <b>Methods</b> Residents and fellows at the University of Virginia with performance concerns are referred to COACH (Committee on Achieving Competence Through Help) and assessed by a remediation expert. A subset is referred to a clinical reasoning remediation coach who performs an additional assessment and cocreates an individualized remediation plan. Following remediation, residents and fellows are reassessed by their respective programs. We report the frequency of struggle, remediation time invested, and academic outcomes. <b>Results</b> From 2017 to 2022, 114 residents and fellows referred to COACH met inclusion criteria, of which 38 (33%) had a deficiency in clinical reasoning. Targeted assessment revealed the following microskill deficits: hypothesis generation (16 of 38, 42%); data gathering (6 of 38, 16%); problem representation (7 of 38, 18%); hypothesis refinement (3 of 38, 8%); and management (6 of 38, 16%). Remediation required a mean of nearly 23 hours per trainee. Of the 38 trainees, 33 (87%) are in good standing at the time of writing. <b>Conclusions</b> Our unique program offers a feasible, targeted approach to clinical reasoning remediation based on our current understanding of the clinical reasoning process. Early hypothesis generation was the most common microskill deficit identified.