Precise Design of a 0.8 nm Pore Size in a Separator Interfacial Layer Inspired by a Sieving Effect toward Inhibiting Polysulfide Shuttling and Promoting Li⁺ Diffusion

The incomplete blocking of small-sized polysulfides by pore size and the effect on Li⁺ transport are generally neglected when the size-sieving effect is employed to suppress the shuttling of polysulfides. Herein, ion-selective modified layers with pore sizes equal to, greater than, and less than 0.8 nm, respectively, on the polypropylene separator are fabricated to obtain the preferable pore size for separation of polysulfides and Li⁺. As a result, the modified layer with a pore size of 0.8 nm can efficiently inhibit the shuttling of polysulfides and simultaneously boost the diffusion of Li⁺ under the double effect of the size advantage and electrostatic shielding. Consequently, the battery using a separator with a modified layer having a pore size of 0.8 nm possesses a lower capacity attenuation of 0.047% after 1000 cycles at 2.0 C. This work serves as a vital guide for suppressing polysulfide shuttle using ion-selective sieving effects for lithium-sulfur batteries.