Influence of engine oil-infused multi-walled carbon nanotubes and titania nanoparticles on a vertically inclined porous surface

This study analyses the flow of a hybrid nanofluid, combining engine oil with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and titania nanoparticles. The flow occurs over a vertically inclined, electrically conducting, heat-producing/absorbing surface that is both permeable and expanding/contracting. The analysis incorporates influential factors such as buoyancy forces, heat source/sink effects, and convective conditions with Cattaneo-Christov theory and Hamilton-Crosser model. The mathematical model is numerically solved using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The expansion/contraction of the surface significantly impacts the boundary layer thickness, leading to changes in velocity, temperature, and various physical parameters. This study is significant due to the nanoparticles' enhanced optical and mechanical properties, offering potential applications in diverse fields. A notable finding is the reduced fluid velocity and temperature within a porous medium with permeability. These findings present opportunities for enhancing heat and fluid transmission in various systems, including those related to energy storage.