Entropy generation analysis of natural convection flow in porous diamond-shaped cavity

This study investigates the entropy generation analysis of natural convection flow within a diamond-shaped cavity filled with porous media. The research focuses on understanding the effects of a chamfered vertex and the introduction of one or two circular cold objects within the cavity. Using COMSOL Multiphysics software, the study examines various Rayleigh (Ra) and Darcy (Da) numbers to analyze the flow dynamics, heat transfer (HT), and entropy generation (Egen). Results indicate that the presence of cold objects significantly influences the flow patterns, enhances HT, and increases Egen due to fluid friction (FF). Higher Ra values lead to more vigorous convective currents, while lower Da values indicate a transition to conduction-dominated regimes. In addition, the heat transfer rate increases by 5 % by introducing a single cold cylinder inside the cavity for Da = 10−2 and Ra = 106. This enhancement rises to 16 % when two cold cylinders are introduced. The study provides valuable insights into optimizing cooling processes within diamond-shaped cavities by identifying key parameters that affect HT and irreversibility.