Glass waste impact on the rheological characteristics of field soil of Kirkuk city, Iraq

Abstract Environmental awareness has forced the need for extensive studies to explore environmentally benign and locally available materials in soil improvement and stabilization processes. Since one of the most important main rheological properties is the apparent viscosity, it was necessary to study it. In this paper, the rheological properties such as the apparent viscosity and the yield point of the soil of four sites in the city of Kirkuk were studied without and with proportions of the additive that was chosen in this study, which is glass waste powder. Passing through sieve No. 200 is due to its ability to bear costs and reduce pollution by reducing solid waste. Rheological tests were conducted for each soil sample after passing through a No. 200 (0.075 mm) sieve, and the viscosity, yield point and gel strength were evaluated at different speeds using a viscometer in the laboratory. The mixture consisted of 25 grams of soil and 350 milliliters of water and was compared with mixtures containing different percentages of glass waste powder (6, 10, and 20% by weight of dry soil). It was found that the apparent viscosity of the first point had the highest value in the soil treated with 20% glass powder, and its value was 1.3 cm, meaning the viscosity increased by 62.5%. The yield points also reached its maximum at 10% glass powder, which is equivalent to 1 Ib/100 square feet, and the apparent viscosity at the second point was maximum at the ratios of 6% and 10%, and its values were 1.3 cp, meaning the viscosity increased by 116.7%. The maximum value of its yield point was at 0% glass powder, with a value of Ib/1001.1. As for the apparent viscosity of the third point, it had the highest value in the soil treated with 10% glass powder, and its value was 1.4 centimeters, meaning the viscosity increased by 180%. The yield points also reached its maximum at 0% glass powder, which is equivalent to 1 Ib/100 square feet. As for the apparent viscosity of the fourth point, it had the highest value in the soil treated with 20% glass powder, and its value was 1.2 centimeters, meaning the viscosity increased by 140%. The yield point reached its maximum at 0% glass powder, equivalent to 1Ib/100 sq. ft. In addition, shear stress versus shear stress rate for untreated and glass-treated field soils was modelled using four different models including capacity models, Bingham models, Herschel-Bulkley, and hyperbolic models where it was shown that the hyperbolic model was the best in predicting shear stress versus shear strain rate with the highest R2 of 0.992 and the lowest RMSE of 0.083 Pa.