Laterally and Vertically Loaded Batter Piles: An Overview

Abstract Piles subjected to lateral forces are commonly employed in scenarios were structures face significant lateral pressures. Various structures, including chimneys, towers, docks, harbors, and high-rise buildings, make use of both batter and vertical piles. The literature encompasses a variety of approaches to address issues related to piles under lateral loads, with a preference for the p-y method. This study investigates analytical solutions proposed by different researchers for both batter and vertical pile scenarios. Research experiments show that negative batter piles demonstrate significant strength against lateral loads in comparison to their vertical equivalents. Analytical solutions were used to derive deflection values, and these were compared with model tests, revealing a satisfactory level of agreement. Additionally, the study explores the numerical simulations conducted by different scholars concerning the structural modeling of both vertical and batter piles.