Possibilities of decarbonization of ironmaking processes using hydrogen

Abstract In light of the European Green Deal arrangements regarding global warming and the tightening greenhouse gas (CO 2 ) emission standards increasing emission fees, it is necessary to take decarbonization actions in the broadly understood metallurgical industry. Europe and the world have started work and research on the possibilities of decarbonizing iron and steel production technologies. The proposed manuscript presents the results of the thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction with hydrogen in the solid state. The results will be compared to classical methods of reducing iron oxides using carbon as a reducing agent. Thermodynamic analyses will be used to initially describe the mechanisms and estimate the kinetics of mass and energy transfer of the reduction reaction using both reductants. When carbon is used, it acts as a reductant and simultaneously a heat source in the process, while when hydrogen is used, it acts only as a reductant, but an additional heat source must be provided.