Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Solar Array Simulators in Reproducing the Characteristics of Photovoltaic Modules

The search for energy alternatives in the face of growing global demand highlights solar energy as a promising and sustainable option that is fundamental in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. In this context, inverters play a key role in connecting and distributing solar energy, requiring certification through specific tests. Given environmental unpredictability and economic challenges, the use of Solar Array Simulators (SASs) is recommended to accurately replicate the behavior of photovoltaic modules under various conditions. This study analyzes the static and dynamic performances of SASs with the aim of ensuring a faithful reproduction of module behavior in real situations under both steady-state and transient conditions. The primary focus is to ensure that experimental results are reliable and representative, promoting the implementation of more efficient energy solutions. Additionally, this study discusses the importance of optimizing inverter controllers to reflect the more realistic dynamics provided by SASs.