On the association of Pacific Decadal Oscillation with the interdecadal variability in Asian-Pacific Oscillation

The Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO), featuring a seesaw pattern in the upper-tropospheric temperatures between Asia and the North Pacific, plays profound roles in the Northern Hemispheric climate anomalies. So, its variability and associated physical mechanisms are of great interest. Although progress has been achieved for the APO variability at the interannual time scale, the understanding of its interdecadal variability remains relatively poor. Based on the twentieth-century reanalysis and the simulations of the preindustrial control, Pacific pacemaker, and large ensemble experiments, this study reports a salient contribution of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) to the interdecadal variability of the APO during summer, featured as a warm (cold) PDO phase accompanying a negative (positive) APO polarity. During the warm PDO phase, the sea surface temperature (SST) warming over the eastern Pacific is conducive to local ascending anomalies, which teleconnect with descending anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau through zonal vertical circulations. The anomalous ascent (descent) over the eastern Pacific (Tibetan Plateau) tends to strengthen (weaken) the atmospheric heating, beneficial for a warming (cooling) of the troposphere in situ. In addition, the PDO-related meridional SST gradient anomalies favor a southward shift of the subtropical jet stream, weakening the South Asian high and the North Pacific trough in the upper troposphere, which corresponds to the atmospheric situation of a negative APO phase. Quantitative analysis from the large ensemble simulations indicates that the PDO may contribute to approximately 48% of recent APO interdecadal variation from the negative phase to the positive phase in the late 1990s. • PDO and APO in summer are significantly and negatively correlated at the interdecadal time scale. • PDO may contribute to approximately 48% of APO interdecadal variation occurring in the late 1990s by the CESM-LE simulations. • PDO relates to APO through its influence on the zonal-vertical circulation and upper-tropospheric atmospheric circulation.