Duchenne muscular dystrophy skeletal muscle cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulate various calcium dysregulation pathways

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive muscle degenerative disease, caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene and resulting in premature death. As a major secondary event, an abnormal elevation of the intracellular calcium concentration in the dystrophin-deficient muscle contributes to disease progression in DMD. In this study, we investigated the specific functional features of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived muscle cells (hiPSC-skMCs) generated from DMD patients to regulate intracellular calcium concentration. As compared to healthy hiPSC-skMCs, DMD hiPSC-skMCs displayed specific spontaneous calcium signatures with high levels of intracellular calcium concentration. Furthermore, stimulations with electrical field or with acetylcholine perfusion induced higher calcium response in DMD hiPSC-skMCs as compared to healthy cells. Finally, Mn2+ quenching experiments demonstrated high levels of constitutive calcium entries in DMD hiPSC-skMCs as compared to healthy cells. Our findings converge on the fact that DMD hiPSC-skMCs display intracellular calcium dysregulation as demonstrated in several other models. Observed calcium disorders associated with RNAseq analysis on these DMD cells highlighted some mechanisms, such as spontaneous and activated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) releases or constitutive calcium entries, known to be disturbed in other dystrophin-deficient models. However, store operated calcium entries (SOCEs) were not found to be dysregulated in our DMD hiPSC-skMCs model. These results suggest that all the mechanisms of calcium impairment observed in other animal models may not be as pronounced in humans and could point to a preference for certain mechanisms that could correspond to major molecular targets for DMD therapies.