OntoCPS4PMS: Ontology modeling for collaborative cyber‐physical threat defense in power monitoring system

Abstract Given the deep interconnection between information and physical aspects of power systems, escalating cyber‐attacks pose significant threats to both grid information systems and electrical equipment. The context highlights the importance of risk perception and defense mechanisms in information and functional security for Power Monitoring System (PMS). To address this, we introduce an innovative ontology framework designed for comprehensive cyber‐physical security in PMS (OntoCPS4PMS). OntoCPS4PMS identifies risks from cross‐domain attacks and supports a collaborative defense strategy. It offers a multifaceted assessment method for PMS security events, considering vulnerabilities, cyber‐attack impacts, and physical domain risks. Through simulated PMS attack scenarios, we validate the framework's effectiveness in dynamic cyber‐physical security analysis. The results demonstrate OntoCPS4PMS's ability to trace attacks, locate affected equipment, and recommend mitigation measures, confirming its utility in enhancing PMS security and decision‐making.