Efficient Beam Manipulation With Phase Symmetry Operations on Transmitarrays for Flat-Top Beams

Beam manipulation is of paramount importance in wave engineering, enabling diverse beam shapes, such as pencil beams, flat-top beams, and isoflux beams to cater to various application missions. Among the beams, shaping flat-top and isoflux beams remains challenging with the traditional synthesis approaches that mainly rely on optimization algorithms. Here, we develop transmitarrays to efficiently generate flat-top and isoflux beams from the first principle of field superposition with negligible optimizations by performing phase symmetry operations. The theoretical analysis not only facilitates the shaping of flat-top and isoflux beams but also exhibits controllable beamwidths. Two prototypes using four-layer double-ring unit cells are fabricated and measured from 27 to 29 GHz. Experimental validation confirms the efficacy of the phase symmetry operations in generating flat-top beams with adjustable beamwidths. The concept of phase symmetry operations can be extended to other vectorial or scalar components, offering potential applications for the manipulation of various waves, such as acoustic waves, water surface waves, and beyond, thereby advancing related applications.