Radiation mechanism of twin kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries

Context. The connection between quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and magnetic fields has been investigated in various celestial bodies. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves have been employed to explain the simultaneous upper and lower kilohertz (kHz) QPOs. Nevertheless, the intricate and undefined formation pathways of twin kHz QPOs present a compelling avenue for exploration. This study area holds great interest as it provides an opportunity for deriving crucial parameters related to compact stars. Aims. We strive to develop a self-consistent model elucidating the radiation mechanism of twin kHz QPOs, which we then compare it with observations. Methods. A sample of 28 twin kHz QPOs detected from the X-ray binary 4U 1636–53 was used for a comparison with the results of the Markov chain Monte Carlo calculations based on our model of the radiation mechanism of twin kHz QPOs, which is related to twin MHD waves. Results. We obtained 28 groups of parameters of 4U 1636–53 and a tight exponential fit between the flux and the temperature of seed photons to Compton up-scattering and find that the electron temperature in the corona around the neutron star decreases with increasing seed photon temperature. Conclusions. The origin of twin kHz QPOs are dual disturbances that arise from twin MHD waves that are generated at the innermost radius of an accretion disc. The seed photons can be transported through a high temperature corona and are Compton up-scattered. The photons that vary the frequencies of twin MHD waves lead to the observed twin kHz QPOs.