National 30-Day Readmission Trends in IBD 2014–2020—Are We Aiming for Improvement?

<i>Background:</i> Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prevalence in Eastern Europe is increasing. The 30-day readmission rate is a crucial quality metric in healthcare, reflecting the effectiveness of initial treatment and the continuity of care post-discharge; however, such parameters are rarely analyzed. The aim of this study was to explore the trends in 30-day readmissions among patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Latvia between 2014 and 2020. <i>Methods:</i> This is a retrospective trends study in IBD-ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (UC and CD)-patients in Latvia between 2014 and 2020, involving all IBD patients identified in the National Health service database in the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD) classification (K50.X and K51.X) and having at least one prescription for IBD diagnoses. We assessed all IBD-related hospitalizations (discharge ICD codes K50X and K51X), as well as hospitalizations potentially related to IBD comorbidities. We analyzed hospitalization trends and obtained the 30 day all-cause readmission rate, disease specific readmission rate and readmission proportion for specific calendar years. Trends in readmissions and the mean length of stay (LOS) for CD and UC were calculated. <i>Results:</i> Despite a decrease in admission rates observed in 2020, the total number of readmissions for CD and UC has increased. Female patients prevailed through the study period and were significantly older than male patients in both the CD and UC groups, <i>p</i> < 0.05. We noted that there was no trend for 30 day all-cause readmission rate for CD (<i>p</i> > 0.05); however, there was a statistically significant trend for 30 day all-cause readmission for UC patients (<i>p</i>-trend = 0.018) in the period from 2014 to 2019. There was a statistically significant trend for CD-specific readmission rate (<i>p</i> < 0.05); however, no statistically significant trend was observed for UC-specific readmission (<i>p</i> > 0.05). An exploratory analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences between treated and not-treated IBD patients (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The increasing trend is statistically significant over the period 2014-2018 (<i>p</i> < 0.05); however, the trend interrupts in 2020, which can be associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic and the related changes in admission flows where the gastroenterology capacity was reallocated to accommodate increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients. More studies are needed to evaluate the long-term impact of COVID-19 pandemic and 30-day readmissions. No significant dynamics were observed in the mean total hospitalization costs over the 2014-2020 period.