Novel Twist Morphing Aileron and Winglet Design for UAS Control and Performance

This study introduces a novel “twist morphing aileron and winglet” design for the Unmanned Aircraft System UAS-S45. Improving rolling efficiency through twist morphing ailerons and reducing induced drag through twist morphing winglets are the two main objectives of this study. A novel wing design is introduced, and a high-fidelity gradient-based aerodynamic shape optimization is performed for twist morphing ailerons and twist morphing winglets, separately, with specified objective functions. The twist morphing aileron is then compared to the conventional hinged aileron configuration in terms of rolling efficiency and other aerodynamic properties, in particular aircraft maneuverability. The results for twist morphing ailerons show that the novel morphing design increases the aileron efficiency by 34% compared to the conventional design and reduces induced drag by 61%. Next, twist morphing winglets are studied regarding the induced drag in cruise and climb flight conditions. The results for twist morphing winglets indicate that the novel design reduces induced drag by 25.7% in cruise flight and up to 16.51% in climb; it also decreases the total drag by up to 7.5% and increases aerodynamic efficiency by up to 9%.