Potential energy of heavy quarkonium in flavor-dependent systems from a holographic model

Within the framework of the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton model, which incorporates information on the equation of state and baryon number susceptibility from lattice results, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the potential energy, running coupling, and dissociation time for heavy-quark–antiquark pairs using gauge/gravity duality. This study encompasses various systems, including pure gluon systems, 2-flavor systems, <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mn>2</a:mn><a:mo>+</a:mo><a:mn>1</a:mn></a:mrow></a:math>-flavor systems, and <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mrow><c:mn>2</c:mn><c:mo>+</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn><c:mo>+</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn></c:mrow></c:math>-flavor systems under finite temperature and chemical potential. The results reveal that the linear component of the potential energy diminishes as the flavor increases. It is also found that our results are extremely close to the recent lattice results for <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:mrow><e:mn>2</e:mn><e:mo>+</e:mo><e:mn>1</e:mn></e:mrow></e:math>-flavors at finite temperature. Moreover, we have thoroughly investigated the dissociation distance and effective running coupling constant of quark-antiquark pairs to gain a comprehensive understanding of their behavior across various flavors. Finally, we have examined real-time dynamics of quark dissociation. The findings indicate that the dissociation time of quark-antiquark pairs is dependent on temperature, chemical potential, and flavor of the systems. Published by the American Physical Society 2024