Design and Experimental Study of a Cleaning Device for Edible Sunflower Harvesting

Existing cleaning devices for edible sunflower have a low cleaning efficiency, high cleaning loss rate, and high impurity rate; therefore, a wind-sieve-type cleaning device for edible sunflower harvesting was designed. According to the characteristics of dislodged objects, a vibrating screen for the device was designed, and the dislodged edible sunflower objects in the device were used for a mechanical analysis of the force conditions to determine the displacement of the different edible sunflower objects dislodged by the action of airflow. Using FLUENT-DEM gas–solid coupling simulation technology, the velocity of the flow field, the velocity vector, and the trajectory of the dislodged objects inside the cleaning device were analyzed, and the law of motion applied to the airflow and the dislodged objects inside the device was clarified. According to the results of the coupled simulation analysis, the key factors affecting the operation of the cleaning device were wind speed, vibration frequency, and amplitude. Based on the key factors of wind speed, vibration frequency, and amplitude, an orthogonal rotary combination test was carried out with the loss rate and impurity rate of cleaned grains as the evaluation indexes, and the test parameters were optimized to obtain the optimal combination of operating parameters of the device, which were as follows: wind speed: 30 m·s−1; vibration frequency: 8.44 Hz; and amplitude: 41.35 mm. With this combination of parameters, the seed loss rate and impurity rate reached 3.47% and 6.17%, respectively. Based on the optimal combination of operating parameters, a validation test was performed, and the results of this test were compared with the results of the test bench using this combination of parameters. The results show that the relative errors of the loss rate and impurity rate between the bench test and the simulation test were 3.45% and 3.07%, respectively, which are less than 5%, proving the reliability of the simulation analysis and the reasonableness of the design of the test bench.