Effects of Deep Tillage on Wheat Regarding Soil Fertility and Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Wheat production is intrinsically linked to global food security. However, wheat cultivation is constrained by the progressive degradation of soil conditions resulting from the continuous application of fertilizers. This study aimed to examine the effects of deep tillage on rhizosphere soil microbial communities and their potential role in improving soil quality, given that the specific mechanisms driving these observed benefits remain unclear. Soil fertility in this research was evaluated through the analysis of various soil parameters, including total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium, among others. The high-throughput sequencing technique was utilized to examine the rhizosphere microbial community associated with deep tillage wheat. The findings indicated that deep tillage cultivation of wheat led to reduced fertility levels in the 0-20 cm soil layer in comparison with non-deep tillage cultivation. A sequencing analysis indicated that Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria are the dominant bacterial phyla, with Proteobacteria being significantly more abundant in the deep tillage group. The dominant fungal phyla identified were Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota. Among bacterial genera, <i>Arthrobacter</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, and <i>Nocardioides</i> were predominant, with <i>Arthrobacter</i> showing a significantly higher presence in the deep tillage group. The predominant fungal genera included <i>Mortierella</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Schizothecium</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i>. Deep tillage cultivation has the potential to enhance soil quality and boost crop productivity through the modulation of soil microbial community structure.