Analysis and structural optimization of tree-type dynamic pressure groove mechanical seal performance

Abstract This study investigates the influence of the order and groove ratio of a tree-shaped groove on the sealing performance of a mechanical seal system using numerical simulations. A three-dimensional geometric model of the tree-shaped groove is established using SOLIDWORKS, and the mesh is divided in ANSYS Meshing before being imported into Fluent software for analysis. The single-factor experimental method is employed to evaluate the impact of different parameters on the opening force and leakage rate by varying one parameter while keeping others constant. The simulation results reveal that in the low-speed range, the tree-shaped groove with a groove ratio of 3:4:5 exhibits a larger opening force. Conversely, in the high-speed range, the three-stage tree-shaped groove with a groove ratio of 1:1:1 demonstrates a lower leakage rate and a larger opening force. The findings highlight the significant impact of the order and groove ratio of the tree-shaped groove on the sealing performance of the non-contact mechanical seal. The three-stage tree-shaped groove outperforms the second and fourth stages in terms of mechanical sealing performance, particularly in regard to the opening force. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing the design of tree-shaped grooves in mechanical seal systems to enhance their overall performance and efficiency.