PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH ERUPTION OUTCOMES AND IMPACTION OF PERMANENT MAXILLARY CANINES AFTER SECONDARY ALVEOLAR BONE GRAFTING IN PATIENTS WITH CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

A cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most prevalent anomaly affecting craniofacial structures. Alveolar bone grafting is essential for patients with CLP to ensure the proper alignment of the maxillary segments and to create a bony foundation for the permanent maxillary canines (PMC) to erupt. To reduce the risk of PMC impaction, secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) is usually performed in patients aged 8–12 years when the development of the canine root is 1/4 to 1/2 the expected length. The aim of this systematic literature review is to access the parameters associated with eruption outcomes and impaction of PMC after SABG in patients with CLP. A comprehensive literature search was carried out following PRISMA guidelines in the MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE (ScienceDirect) electronic databases, using the combinations of the following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: (impacted canines) AND (alveolar bone grafting) [MeSH term] AND (cleft lip) [MeSH term] AND (cleft palate) [MeSH term]. A total of 276 articles were identified, of which 4 studies met the eligibility criteria. Based on the studies reviewed, the most reliable parameters to determine the risk of canine impaction through the analysis of panoramic radiographs are the angulation and vertical position of PMC. A greater risk of PMC impaction on the cleft side after SABG is associated with an increased canine angulation and a more pronounced displacement in the vertical direction.