The interplay between total quality management (TQM) and organizational learning: similarities or complementarities?

Purpose Previous contributions have reported a reciprocal relationship between total quality management (TQM) and organizational learning (OL). This paper aims to provide a clarified understanding of this relationship. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis of 15 studies published in academic journals since 2000 was conducted to examine the reciprocal relationship between TQM and OL. The findings of this analysis, along with potential explanations for bidirectional links, are discussed. Findings This paper’s main contribution is to explain the interplay between these two management approaches by sorting the practices, behaviors, and values regarding their focus. The findings have identified two foci precisely common focus and complementary focus. Originality/value The relationship between TQM and OL has been examined in previous studies. Whereas, this study examines the reciprocal relationship between these approaches. This review presents new insights into the relationship between these approaches.