Override and restricted union for partial functions

Abstract The override operation $$\sqcup $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> </mml:math> is a natural one in computer science, and has connections with other areas of mathematics such as hyperplane arrangements. For arbitrary functions f and g , $$f\sqcup g$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is the function with domain $${{\,\textrm{dom}\,}}(f)\cup {{\,\textrm{dom}\,}}(g)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>dom</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∪</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>dom</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that agrees with f on $${{\,\textrm{dom}\,}}(f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>dom</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and with g on $${{\,\textrm{dom}\,}}(g) \backslash {{\,\textrm{dom}\,}}(f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>dom</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>dom</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Jackson and the author have shown that there is no finite axiomatisation of algebras of functions of signature $$(\sqcup )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . But adding operations (such as update ) to this minimal signature can lead to finite axiomatisations. For the functional signature $$(\sqcup ,\backslash )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where $$\backslash $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> </mml:math> is set-theoretic difference, Cirulis has given a finite equational axiomatisation as subtraction o-semilattices. Define $$f\curlyvee g=(f\sqcup g)\cap (g\sqcup f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⋎</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for all functions f and g ; this is the largest domain restriction of the binary relation $$f\cup g$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∪</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that gives a partial function. Now $$f\cap g=f\backslash (f\backslash g)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$f\sqcup g=f\curlyvee (f\curlyvee g)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⋎</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⋎</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for all functions f , g , so the signatures $$(\curlyvee )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⋎</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$(\sqcup ,\cap )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> are both intermediate between $$(\sqcup )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$(\sqcup ,\backslash )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in expressive power. We show that each is finitely axiomatised, with the former giving a proper quasivariety and the latter the variety of associative distributiv

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Journal
Algebra Universalis
Published
2024-08-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00012-024-00864-6
Primary Topic
Advanced Algebra and Logic
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article
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article

Override and restricted union for partial functions

Tim Stokes
Algebra Universalis
Advanced Algebra and Logic
article

Override and restricted union for partial functions

Tim Stokes
article en

Abstract

Abstract The override operation $$\sqcup $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> </mml:math> is a natural one in computer science, and has connections with other areas of mathematics such as hyperplane arrangements. For arbitrary functions f and g , $$f\sqcup g$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is the function with domain $${{\,\textrm{dom}\,}}(f)\cup {{\,\textrm{dom}\,}}(g)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>dom</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∪</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>dom</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that agrees with f on $${{\,\textrm{dom}\,}}(f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>dom</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and with g on $${{\,\textrm{dom}\,}}(g) \backslash {{\,\textrm{dom}\,}}(f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>dom</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>dom</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Jackson and the author have shown that there is no finite axiomatisation of algebras of functions of signature $$(\sqcup )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . But adding operations (such as update ) to this minimal signature can lead to finite axiomatisations. For the functional signature $$(\sqcup ,\backslash )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where $$\backslash $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> </mml:math> is set-theoretic difference, Cirulis has given a finite equational axiomatisation as subtraction o-semilattices. Define $$f\curlyvee g=(f\sqcup g)\cap (g\sqcup f)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⋎</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for all functions f and g ; this is the largest domain restriction of the binary relation $$f\cup g$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∪</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that gives a partial function. Now $$f\cap g=f\backslash (f\backslash g)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$f\sqcup g=f\curlyvee (f\curlyvee g)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⋎</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⋎</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for all functions f , g , so the signatures $$(\curlyvee )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⋎</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$(\sqcup ,\cap )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> are both intermediate between $$(\sqcup )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$(\sqcup ,\backslash )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊔</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in expressive power. We show that each is finitely axiomatised, with the former giving a proper quasivariety and the latter the variety of associative distributiv

Algebra UniversalisVol. 85(4)
University of Waikato (NZ)
University of Waikato
Openalex Percentile: Top 84%
Advanced Algebra and Logic
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