Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure: the good, the bad, and the ugly

Graphical AbstractClinical relevance of haemodynamic profiles in patients with heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Based on the control of HF and within the pulmonary circulation, invasively measured cardiopulmonary haemodynamics may identify three distinct profiles that correlate with disease burden and outcomes: no PH (the GOOD), IpcPH (the BAD), or CpcPH (the UGLY). Outcomes are determined by the impact of PH on right heart function, and consecutive systemic consequences.CpcPH, combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension; HF, heart failure; IpcPH, isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension; PAWP, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; PH, pulmonary hypertension; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RVD, right ventricular dysfunction.Open in new tabDownload slide