Emerging threat: Reviewing the impact and management of South American tomato pinworm (Phthorimaea absoluta)

The South American tomato pinworm (Phthorimaea absoluta) poses a significant threat to global tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production due to its rapid spread, devastating feeding habits, and ability to develop resistance to insecticides. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the biology, ecology, economic impact, and current management strategies of P. absoluta. The pest's lifecycle, from egg to adult, its preferred environmental conditions, and factors contributing to its successful establishment in new regions are discussed. Economic losses associated with P. absoluta infestations, including yield reductions and control costs, are highlighted. Current management practices, including chemical, biological, and cultural control methods, are evaluated, with an emphasis on integrated pest management (IPM) approaches. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as RNA interference (RNAi) for targeted pest control and the development of resistant tomato varieties are explored as sustainable alternatives to traditional insecticide use. This review underscores the urgent need for coordinated efforts among researchers, growers, and policymakers to mitigate the impact of P. absoluta and safeguard global tomato production.