Artificial bottleneck effect in large eddy simulations

This paper addresses the artificial bottleneck effect in large-eddy simulations (LES), causing erroneous energy spectrum overshoots due to residual stress model inaccuracies. We use Stokes Flow Regularization (SFR) to improve LES models with detailed residual kinetic energy considerations. Adding a nonlinear gradient component to the residual stress closure accurately captures local stress structures, reduces kinetic energy over-predictions, and enhances energy cascade representation. The mixed model produces vortex tube-like structures similar to those in filtered direct numerical simulations (DNS), while the eddy viscosity model yields shear layer-like features.