Cultivated Winter-Type Lunaria annua L. Seed: Deciphering the Glucosinolate Profile Integrating HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS Analyses, and Determination of Fatty Acid Composition

<i>Lunaria annua</i> L. (Brassicaceae) is an ornamental plant newly identified in Europe as a promising industrial oilseed crop for its valuable very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), especially erucic acid (EA) and nervonic acid (NA). <i>L. annua</i> seeds were obtained from annual winter-type plants selected and cultivated in Northern France. Using a systematic multiple-method approach, we set out to determine the profile and content of glucosinolates (GSLs), which are the relevant chemical tag of Brassicaceae. Intact GSLs were analyzed through a well-established LC-MS method. Identification and quantification were performed by HPLC-PDA of desulfo-GSLs (dGLs) according to the official EU ISO method. Moreover, GSL structures were confirmed by GC-MS analysis of the related isothiocyanates (ITCs). Seven GSLs were identified, directly or indirectly, as follows: 1-methylethyl GSL, (1<i>S</i>)-1-methylpropyl GSL, (<i>Rs</i>)-5-(methylsulfinyl)pentyl GSL, (<i>Rs</i>)-6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl GSL, (2<i>S</i>)-2-hydroxy-4-pentenyl GSL, 2-phenylethyl GSL, and 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL. In other respects, the FA composition of the seed oil was determined. Results revealed cultivated <i>L. annua</i> seed to be a source of NA-rich oil, and presscake as a valuable coproduct. This presscake is indeed rich in GSLs (4.3% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), precursors of promising bioactive molecules for agricultural and nutraceutical applications.