In-vitro and in-vivo efficacy of endophytic bacterial formulations against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri

Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri, is a devastating disease that poses a significant threat to chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production worldwide. This study evaluated the efficacy of an endophytic bacterial formulation in managing Fusarium wilt under greenhouse conditions. The formulation consisted of three endophytic bacterial formulations (Powder, beads and liquid). Chickpea seeds were treated with the bacterial formulation before and after sowing in pathogen-infested soil. Disease incidence, severity, and agronomic parameters were monitored throughout the growing season. The results demonstrated that in both the seed and soil treatment with the endophytic bacterial formulation significantly reduced Fusarium wilt incidence by 65% and disease severity by 72% compared to the untreated control. Furthermore, treated plants exhibited enhanced growth attributes, including increased plant height, biomass, and yield components. The formulation's efficacy is attributable to the synergistic effects of the endophytic bacteria, which possess multiple plant growth-promoting and biocontrol traits. This eco-friendly approach holds promise for sustainable management of Fusarium wilt in chickpea cultivation while minimizing the use of hazardous chemical fungicides.