IDDF2024-ABS-0424 Global incidence of oesophageal cancer by histological and anatomical subtypes: a systematic analysis

<h3>Background</h3> Oesophageal cancer is a common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its aggressive nature and poor survival rates contribute to a significant cancer burden globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the latest global incidence of oesophageal cancer by histological and anatomical subtypes using international and national cancer registries. <h3>Methods</h3> Data on oesophageal cancer incidence by histological and anatomical subtypes in 2022 were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) XII. Age-standardised rates for oesophageal cancer incidence were adjusted using the world standard population. <h3>Results</h3> The global incidence of oesophageal cancer in 2022 was estimated to be 5.0 per 100,000 persons, with a total of 510,910 cases. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounted for 82.6% of cases, while adenocarcinoma (AD) represented 16.0% of cases. In terms of anatomical location, 63.4% of cases were found in the upper and middle parts of the esophagus, while 36.6% were located in the lower third. AD was more common among males (17.4%) than females (12.6%), particularly in the older population (14.8%) compared to the younger population (11.9%). The highest proportion of AD cases was observed in Northern America (67%), Northern Europe (61%), and Oceania (57%). Furthermore, a higher proportion of oesophageal cancer occurring in the lower third of the esophagus was seen among males (37.8%) compared to females (33.6%), particularly in the younger population (42.2%) compared to the older population (36.3%). Notably, Northern America (72.8%), Northern Europe (69.0%), and Oceania (69.0%) exhibited the highest proportions of cases in the lower third of the esophagus. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Squamous cell carcinoma remains the predominant subtype of oesophageal cancer globally. However, oesophageal adenocarcinoma was found to be more prevalent in Northern Europe, Northern America, and Oceania. Moreover, a higher proportion of oesophageal cancer cases were observed in the lower third of the esophagus among males, particularly in the younger population. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying reasons for these distinct patterns. These findings underscore the importance of tailored prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies for different subtypes and anatomical locations of oesophageal cancer.