Two Decades of CABG in the UK: A Propensity Matched Analysis of Outcomes by Conduit Choice

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Grafting of LIMA to LAD has long been considered the gold-standard conduit choice for patients undergoing CABG. Despite this, the LSV remains the most used conduit by volume and some patients may not receive even a single arterial conduit. However, the outcomes in this group are not frequently explored. This study, therefore, compares in-hospital outcomes of patients who underwent CABG without any arterial conduits to those who received at least one arterial conduit. <b>Methods</b>: Retrospective propensity-matched database analysis of consecutive patients undergoing CABG in the UK between 1996 and 2019 using data from the National Adult Cardiac Surgery Audit. <b>Results</b>: 335,144 patients underwent CABG, with 6% receiving venous conduits only; matched outcomes are reported for 39,812 patients. In both unmatched and matched groups, we found a significant increase in mortality with the use of veins only (matched mortality 5.3% vs. 3.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) with estimated treatment effect for mortality OR 1.43, <i>p</i> < 0.001 (95% CI: 1.31-1.57). We also identified greater rates of post-operative dialysis, IABP insertion, and length of hospital stay in this group. <b>Conclusions</b>: We identified a significant increase in in-hospital mortality with the use of veins only compared to using at least one arterial graft to the LAD. While a single arterial graft should be prioritised wherever possible, venous revascularisation retains a critical role for specific patients. We must, therefore, continue to conduct research addressing the mechanisms underlying and propagating vein graft disease in order better to optimise outcomes for this niche patient group after CABG.