Assessment of CO2 Sequestration Capacity in a Low-Permeability Oil Reservoir Using Machine Learning Methods

The CO2 sequestration capacity evaluation of reservoirs is a critical procedure for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) techniques. However, calculating the sequestration amount for CO2 flooding in low-permeability reservoirs is challenging. Herein, a method combining numerical simulation technology with artificial intelligence is proposed. Based on the typical geological and fluid characteristics of low-permeability oil reservoirs in the Liaohe oilfield, the CMG 2020 version software GEM module is used to establish a model for CO2 flooding and sequestration. Meanwhile, a calculation method for the effective sequestration coefficient of CO2 is established. We systematically study the sequestration rules in low-permeability reservoirs under varying conditions of permeability, reservoir temperature, and initial reservoir pressure. The results indicate that, as the permeability and sequestration pressure of the reservoir increase, oil recovery gradually increases. The proportion of structurally bound sequestration volume increases from 55% to 60%. Reservoir temperature has minimal impact on both the recovery rate and the improvement in sequestration efficiency. Sequestration pressure primarily improves sequestration efficiency by increasing the dissolution of CO2 in the remaining oil and water. The calculation chart for the effective sequestration coefficient, developed using artificial intelligence algorithms under multi-factor conditions, enables accurate and rapid evaluation of the sequestration potential and the identification of favorable sequestration areas in low-permeability reservoirs. This approach provides valuable technical support for CO2 flooding and sequestration in pilot applications.